Machine for cutting and shaping wood



(No Model.) 4 sneet s-shee1: 1.

G. L. GOEHRING.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING WOOD. No. 394,762. Patented Dec. 18,1888.

N. PETERS. PhokrLfllwgriphur, Waihillghn. D C.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. O. L. GOEHRING.

MAGHINE FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING WOOD. N0. 894,76 Patented Dec. 18, 1888.

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(No Model.)

' v 4 Sheets-Sheet 3. G. L. GOEHRING;

MACHINE FOE CUTTING AND SHAPING WOOD.

Patented Dec. 18,- 1888.

2. II C m LIHHJIIIIIIIL v a I I I v l CI t x n l W'; a r 1 7L I N a 1MWwnrvvwv lmtmmo, gvwem-fqz (No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 4.

O. L. GOEHRING.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING WOOD. No. 394,762.

Patented Dec. 18,v 1888.

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i l. 1, A 81 8 @514 fluow 5E? I q htmeooey p CHARLES Ii. GOEIIRING, OFALLEGHENY, PENNSYLVANIA.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING WOOD.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 394,762, dated December18, 1888.

Application filed September 20, 1887. Serial No. 250,208. (No model.)

.To aZZ whom it may Concern..-

.Be it known that 1, CHARLES L. GOEHRING, of Allegheny, in the county ofAllegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Machines for Cutting and Shaping ced and I dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and eX- actdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to an improvement in machines for cutting andshaping wood.

In Patents No. 356,066 of January 11, 1887, No. 358,260 of February 22,1887, No. 361,868 and No. 361,869 of April 26', ESL-differentconstructions of wood molding and shaping machines are shown of greateror less similarity in general construction, but showing improvements indetails of construction, one upon the other; and the object of mypresent invention is to provide certain further improvements in thevarious constructions referred to; and with this end in view my presentinvention consists in an attachment for forming a bead on the face ofstrips of wood, however irregular their edges may be scalloped, orotherwise irregular and varied in size, and in so doing forming the edgeof this bead parallel at all points with the adjacent edge of the wood.

It further consists in apparatus for holding the wood while beingoperated upon rigidly in place upon a carriage or reciprocating table.

It still further consists in connected mechanism for automaticallyshifting the cutterheads so as to always con form to the shape of anydesired pattern.

It still further consists in certain features of construction andcombinations of parts, as will be hereinafter fully described, andpointed out in the claims.

I11 the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a top plan view of themachine. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section through the middle ofthe machine. Fig. 3 is a view in transverse section. Fig. i is alongitudinal vertical section showing the mechanism for operating theclam ping-dogs. Fig. 5 is an enlarged side elevation of the straddlerand idler mounted therein. Fig; 6 is a front view of the same. Fig. 7 isan enlarged plan view of the oscillatory reciprocating cutter headmechanism.

Fig. 8 a transverse section of the same, and Fig. 9 shows differentshapes of wood resulting from the machine.

A represents the table of the machine supported on legs B.Longitudinally through the middle of the table a slot, A, is formed, andbeneath this slot, on either side thereof, a series of frames or yokes,B, are secured. Supported by the latter and suitably separated are theopposed parallel guide-rails C, and above these rails 0 similar parallelguiderails, C, form the slot A in the table. Between these guide-rails Cand O a reciproeating table or carriage, D, is guided, its lower plate,a, being mounted on the rails C, while the upper plate, b, is mounted onthe guide-rails O,the entire table or carriage be ing prevented from anylateral movement by these rails. On the lower face of the lower plate,a, a rack-bar, a, is formed, and adapted to mesh with the teeth of thisbar is agearwheel, D, the latter being mounted on a spindle providedwith connected gear-wheels, which receive motion from suitably-connectedgearing which drives the machine.

Laterally-moving slides E are guided by suitable tracks, E, and on thelower faces, near their opposed edges, the friction-rollers c aremounted and adapted to impinge against a pattern, F, screwed down uponthe lower plate of the reciprocating table or carriage. Verticalspindles G are journaled in the slides E and provided withpulleys,whereby they are operated. Secured on the upper end of thespindles G are the cutter-heads G G which dress the board II, beingoperated upon in the same shape as the pattern F, one or bothcutter-heads operating upon it at once to also give it a tongue orgroove, or both, as well as the general outline of the pattern. Now whenstaves or other similar fiat pieces are being dressed on the edges, theidle-rollers H are necessary to hold the wood rigidly in place. hen thesides of staves or other similar strips of material are operated upon,the rollers H are removed and clamping-dogs I I, having serratedgripping-faces, are employed. These dogs project up through slots in thetable or carriage D, and one is actuated by a very stiff spring, cl,made adjustable forward or backward by means of a long screw, d. Theother dog is in the form of a lever, having link (Z at its lower end,the dog being antomati ally operated by the engagement ot. a pin thereinin the cam-groove of a depending plate, J. This cam-groove is formedsubstantially as shown, having switches e at its ends so arranged as toguide the pin in the desired direction in the groove. Between the endsof the canrgroove several short oblique crossgrooves are located, thesebeing designed to remove the pivoted dogs at periods to correspond withthe length of material being operated uponas, for example, the pin 6'will naturally pass into the first cross-groove, 1, unless it is closedby a latch, e when it will be guided on to the next opened cross-groove,these grooves bein left open accordin to the length of the stave orother material to be operated uponl\"o. 1 when the shortest stick isbeing dressed. By means or" these cross grooves, by the properarrangement, as described, according to the length of the material, muchtime is saved, as the carriage or table then returned and the piecereleased the instant it is finished. Switchesf are also formed by theci'ossgrooves, and all of these switches may be held in place,preferably, by their own weight. Swing-actuated fingers g are arrangedon the table in position tobe forced aside by the passing carriage andadapted to prevent anything falling into the slot.

\Vith the single exception of the cross camgrooves formed in thecam-plate .l and their switches, all the mechanism thus far describedhas been embodied in my former patents heretot'ore mentioned, and areherein entered to give a general idea of the working parts of themachine; but I now propose to enter into a detailed description of theparts connected with and operated by this mechanism, which comprise mypresent improvements.

To the outer ends of the slides E a rope, cord, or other flexibleconnection, 71, is attached and strung over a pulley, 71. This pulley iss1 epped in a plate secured to one of the side brackets, l between thelegs of the machine. 011 the other end of this cord is attached aweight, K. \Vith this arrangement the slides are always normally heldtoward each other, or, in other words, with their frictionq'ollers 0always in contact with the edge of the pattern on the lower plate,(1,0'f the carriage, thus giving the cutter-heads above a course similarto that of the fllfllilOll-lOllers. Thus by placing material on theupper plate, I), an exact iac-simile of the pattern, is cut. Owing tothis fact I generally prefer to screw to the plate a piece of lumber ofsuitable thickness, 71 and first run this through to form a secondpattern similar to the original on the plate below. All material placedover this second pattern is now formed just like the two patterns, andbesides this the second pattern is for other uses. It prevents thecu1ter-heads from ever striking the plate, and its formed edges furnishan abutment for the oscillatory reciprocating mechanism yet to bedescribed. As before stated, in case of the dressing of staves orsimilar strips of timber on the sides, the clamping-dogs l I are broughtinto use for holding the material at the ends; but when flat material isbeing operated upon at its edges the ordinary rollers, ll, are used, asshown in Fig. 2. A stem, F, passing loosely through a nu-ioration ineach of the brackets l, is connected with the slides E, whereby thelatter may be drawn apart when desired.

So far it should be remembered that the shape is given the strip onv oneor both edges and the tongue and groove is formed; but connected withthis machine and in position to accomplish its peculiar function is anoscillatory reciprocating device or cutter for forming a rib, lip, orbead, 74 on one face of the material, having its edges always parallel,or, rather, having the new edge formed always parallel with the edgeformed by the cutter heads. The mechanism for accomplishing thisconsists of a stationary plate, .1, having screw-holes or similar means,whereby it is removably secured to the table. This plate is providedwith guide-tracks 71 and mountcal between these tracks and adapted tot'reel y reciprocate thereon is a slide-plate, J Mounted on the plate.1" is a bracket, J, carryinga pulley, 72. A cord or similar connectionis strung over this pulley and secured to the plate at the rear of theln-aeket. Thence the cord is strung over a similar pulley, 72 andprovided. with a heavy weight, which normally holds the slide-plateforward in close proximity to the second pattern, 72 livoted to theforward. end of this reciprocating slide J by means of? a pin, r, therean oscillating frame, .l, limited in lateral. movement by lugs f, andprevented from displaeementat its free end by shield j On the top of theoscillatingplate forming the base of the frame the pillow-blocks K arerigidly secured, and preferably beneath the foremost. of these a pair of.lricti(in-rollers, 1', are journaled, with their edges projeetingbeyondthe end of the slide. These rollers are sullicie'ntl y separated tooscillate thelj'rame to always be approximately at right angles to thesurface it is working upon. Aspindle, K extends longitudinally of theoscillating frame, and is journaled in the pillow-block K directly overone of the rollers. end of this spindle is n-ovided with a cutterhead,K, of the desired design. This spindle is provided with adriving-pulley, '2", and a belt operates the pulley.

It is obvious that di'liferent cutter-heads might be employed to suitthe work desired, the principal object being to cut a bead on thematerial to cover any cracks or defects in joining pieces or to give thesurface of the material an ornamental finish. It is important that: thespindle should be directly over one of the rollers, otherwise the cut ofthe cutter-howl would not be parallel with the edge of? the wood. Thisattachment would be The outer applicable to other machines, and may bereadily removed from this when not in use. The gage device justdescribed may be placed at one side of the cutter-heads G G From theforegoing description of parts it will be readily gathered that theimportant result to be attained is to always have the cutterhead K at anequal distance from the edge of the material being operated upon,however irregular that edge may be. To accomplish this the rollernearest the cutterliead spindle must always be in contact with the edgeof the material being worked, and both rollers should be in contacttherewith. Sngh a result will not follow unless the gage device can bothoscillate and reciprocate, be cause the material being acted upon isfixed securely to the reciprocating table, and hence .cannot moveotherwise than in conjunction with the table. To compensate for this themechanism described is resorted to. Now during the operation of formingthe bead the strip of wood, ll, resting upon the table D is carriedforward. The edge or edges of this strip are preferably scalloped, asindicated in Fig. 9, and as the reciprocating table moves forward theoscillating frame J is held normally forward through the instrumentality of a suspended weight, so that the rollerse' travel alongthe scalloped edge one before the other; hence the more irregular thesurface these rollers travel the greater is the frame oscillated. Thecutter head K meanwhile is whirling at a tremendous speed, and as thespindle carrying this head is directly over one of the rollers, and asthe head is always the same distance from said rollers, as a naturalconsequence the cutting must be parallel to the edge upon which theroller 2' is guided.

Although the pressure on the clampingdogs I I is enormous when exerted011 the opposite ends of a strip of timber-such as a staveyct it hasbeen found, in spite of this great pressure, that the material wouldyield more or less in the middle, particularly in long strips ofmaterial. The mechanism now to be described is devised to obviate thisdefect. This device consists in the straddler or housing L, adapted tobest ride the slot A and be attached to the table A, near thecutterheads 1", G and on the opposite side from the gage device. Atoothed idle-wheel, M, is journaled in sliding blocks R in the parallellimbs of the uprights of the straddler. The idle-wheel is formed with aslotted center adapted to receive the holding-dogs clamping the piece oflumber being worked. A stiff spring, R, is located in the uprights backof or above the sliding blocks, and adapted to be adjusted downward byscrews I. Now the idle-wheel travels rigidly down upon the upper edge ofthe material being operated upon, the dogs passing between its halves ofthe idle-whwl. The screw] is turned up or down, according to the width.of the strip of wood being dressed. It is plain that this attachment isonly used when stripssuch as long barrel-stavesare being dressed on theedges; but when flat down upon a face and being dressed on an edge therollers 11 are employed and the oscillatoryreciprocating gage is used toform a head on the material.

It is evident that slight changes might be resorted to in the form andarrangement of the several parts described without departing from thespirit and scope of my invention; hence I do not wish to limit myself tothe particular construct-ion herein shown; but,

Having fullydescribed my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a wood-sl'iaping machine, the combination, with a stationary tablehaving a slot through its center and a cam-plate depending in closeproximity to the slot, said cam-plate having switches, cross camgrooves, and latches arranged substantially as indicated, of a set oflocking-dogs operated automatically by their engagement by thecam-grooves, substantially as set forth.

2. In a wood-shaping machine, the combination, with a stationary table,a reciprocating table, and movable cutter-heads, of an oscillatoryreciprocating cutter-head adapted to operate in close proximity to themovable cutter-heads for giving the material sawed a iinal finish,substantially as set forth.

3. In a wood-shaping machine, the combination, with devices for feedingor advancing the material to be operated upon, of an oscillatoryreciprocating cutter-frame carrying a rotary cutter-head projected overthe face of the material and traversing across the surface thereof inlines transverse to the feedmotion, substantially as described.

4. In a wood-shaping machine, and in combination with devices operatingto advance or feed the material, an oscillatory reciprocating frame, arotating spindle mounted in said frame and carrying a cutter-head aboveand projected across the surface of the material to be operated upon,with devices for automatically oscillating and reciprocating said frame,substantially as described.

5. An oscillatory reciprocating cutter con sisting, essentially, ofanoscillatory reciprocating frame, a rotary cutter thereon, and weightsand friction-rollers for automatically holding this mechanism in properworking re lation to the material being dressed, substantially as setforth.

6. An oscillatory reciprocating cutter consisting, essentially, of areciprocating plate, an oscillating frame pivoted thereto,frictionrollers for oscillating this frame, and weights or similarmechanism for normally holding the frame toits work, a spindle journaledin the frame, and a removable cutterhead mounted on said spindle,substantially as set forth.

7. The combination, with a straddler having longitudinally-slottedstandards joined at or near their upper ends, of an idler consisting ofa pair of disks arranged parallel to each other and having spurs ontheir peripheries, said idler journaled in sliding boxes located in theslots of the standards, springs in the slots bearing on thejournatboxes, and adj usting-screws for regulating the position of saidjournal-boxes, substantially as set forth.

8. The comliination, with a slotted stationair table, a reciprocatingtable, and a pattern carried on the rcci 'irocating table, of a pair ofslides having t'riction-rollers thereon held normallyin contact with theedges of the pat terns, spindles journaled in the slides and carryingcutter-heads, and an oscillatory reciprocating cutter-head adapted to doits cutting in lines parallel with the pattern edge, substantially asset forth.

SJ. In a s]iapirig-machine such as described, the combination of feedingmechanism for advancing the material, an oscillat'onv reciprocatingframesn1ilporting a rotary cutterhead overlying the surface to be acted uponand reciprocating in a line transverse to the direction of feed motion,a cam or pattern moving in unison with the material and operating tosimultaneously reciprocate and oscillate the frame supporting thecutter-head, substantially as described.

10. In a shaping-machine such as described, the frame carrying thecutter and its arbor pivotally connected to a reciprocating supportprovided with two contacts, and a reciprocating pattern or plateengaging said contacts to oscillate and reciprocate the frame carryingthe cutter, substantially as described.

1 1. In a shaping-machine substantially such as described, thecombination, with devices for feeding or advancing the material and apattern moving in unison therewith, of a frame pivotally attached to aslide and engaging said pattern at two points to effect the oscillatorylOClPlOCELlJlllg motions of the frame, and a spindle mounted in theframe and provided with a cuttenhead projecting across and traversingthe surface of the material in a line transverse to the feed motion,substantially as set forth.

1?. In a shaping-machine such as described, the combination, withdevices for advancing the material in a straight line, of an oscillato'.reciprocatin frame movablein aplane transverse to the direction in whichthe material is fed, a rotating arbor or spindle mounted in said frameand projectingover the surface to be shaped, and a cutter-head securedto said spindle above the surface of the material and in position toengage and traverse across the surface in the plane of movement parallelwith that of its supporting-frame, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

CHAS. L. Gonnnmo.

\V itnesses:

GEO. F. DOWNING, V. E. HODGES.

